VDE电缆编码中”Ö”（或”Oe”）符号的含义是什么？为什么它对工业环境至关重要？
What is the Meaning of the Symbol “Ö” (or “Oe”) in VDE Cable Codes, and Why is it Critical for Industrial Environments?
VDE电缆编码中”Ö”（或”Oe”）符号的含义是什么？为什么它对工业环境至关重要？
Introduction to VDE Cable Designation Systems
VDE电缆标识系统简介
The German DIN VDE cable designation system provides engineers and procurement specialists with a comprehensive coding methodology that communicates essential cable characteristics through standardized letter and number sequences. Within this system, the symbol Ö (pronounced “Oe” in romanized form) represents one of the most critical performance indicators for cables deployed in demanding industrial applications.[1][2]
德国DIN VDE电缆标识系统为工程师和采购专家提供了一套全面的编码方法，通过标准化的字母和数字序列传达电缆的基本特性。在该系统中，符号”Ö”（罗马化读作”Oe”）代表在苛刻工业应用中部署的电缆最关键的性能指标之一。
The designation system follows DIN VDE 0292 for type designation codes and operates within a structured framework where each position in the cable name conveys specific information about conductor type, insulation material, sheath composition, and special performance characteristics.[3]
该标识系统遵循DIN VDE 0292电缆型号编码标准，在结构化框架内运作，电缆名称中的每个位置都传达有关导体类型、绝缘材料、护套成分和特殊性能特征的具体信息。
The Definition of “Ö” in VDE Cable Codes
“Ö”在VDE电缆编码中的定义
The symbol Ö in VDE cable nomenclature designates enhanced oil resistance (German: Ölfestigkeit or ölbeständig). This is not merely a supplementary feature but rather a fundamental material property that determines whether a cable can maintain its electrical and mechanical integrity when exposed to mineral oils, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and petroleum-based substances commonly present in industrial environments.[1][2][4]
VDE电缆命名法中的符号”Ö”表示增强型耐油性（德语：Ölfestigkeit或ölbeständig）。这不仅仅是一个补充功能，而是一个基本的材料特性，它决定了电缆在暴露于工业环境中常见的矿物油、润滑剂、液压油和石油基物质时，能否保持其电气和机械完整性。
| Symbol 符号 | Ö (or Oe) |
|---|---|
| English Meaning 英文含义 | Enhanced Oil Resistance |
| German Origin 德语来源 | Ölfestigkeit / Ölbeständig |
| Chinese Translation 中文翻译 | 增强耐油性 |
| Position in Code 编码位置 | Position 4 – Particularities (特性位置) |
| Test Standard 测试标准 | EN 60811-404 / VDE 0473-811-404 |
Technical Testing Requirements for Oil Resistance
耐油性技术测试要求
Oil resistance certification according to VDE standards requires rigorous testing procedures specified in IEC 60811 Part 404 (adopted as DIN EN 60811-404 VDE 0473-811-404). This test method applies primarily to cross-linked compounds used for cable sheathing materials and determines whether the material can be officially classified as oil resistant.[5][6]
根据VDE标准的耐油性认证需要按照IEC 60811第404部分（采纳为DIN EN 60811-404 VDE 0473-811-404）规定的严格测试程序。该测试方法主要适用于用于电缆护套材料的交联化合物，并确定该材料是否可以正式归类为耐油材料。
| Parameter 参数 | Specification 规格 | Notes 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-treatment Period 预处理期 | Minimum 16 hours after extrusion | 挤出后至少16小时 |
| Test Specimens 测试样品 | 5 pieces per BS EN/IEC 60811-501 | 根据BS EN/IEC 60811-501制备5个样品 |
| Test Medium 测试介质 | IRM 902 Mineral Oil (ISO 1817) | IRM 902矿物油（ISO 1817标准） |
| Immersion Temperature 浸泡温度 | Per cable specification (typically 70-100°C) | 根据电缆规格（通常70-100°C） |
| Immersion Duration 浸泡时间 | 24-168 hours (per compound type) | 24-168小时（根据化合物类型） |
| Post-test Evaluation 测试后评估 | Tensile strength & elongation per IEC 60811-501 | 根据IEC 60811-501测试拉伸强度和伸长率 |
| Acceptance Criteria 验收标准 | Δ ≤ specified % vs. untreated specimens | 与未处理样品相比变化≤规定百分比 |
The testing methodology requires measuring the percentage difference in mechanical properties between oil-immersed specimens and untreated control specimens. This differential must not exceed the limits specified in the relevant cable construction standard for the cable to receive the “Ö” designation.[6][7]
该测试方法要求测量浸油样品与未处理对照样品之间机械性能的百分比差异。该差异不得超过相关电缆构造标准中规定的限值，电缆才能获得”Ö”标识。
Common Cable Types Featuring the “Ö” Designation
带有”Ö”标识的常见电缆类型
Several cable families within the DIN VDE 0250 standard series incorporate the “Ö” designation to indicate their suitability for oil-exposed environments. These cables are engineered with specialized elastomeric compounds that resist degradation from petroleum products.[4][8][9]
DIN VDE 0250标准系列中的多个电缆系列都包含”Ö”标识，以表明其适用于接触油类的环境。这些电缆采用专用弹性体化合物设计，可抵抗石油产品的降解。
| Cable Type 电缆型号 | Standard 标准 | Voltage Rating 额定电压 | Primary Application 主要应用 |
|---|---|---|---|
| NSHTÖU | DIN VDE 0250-814 | U₀/U 0.6/1 kV | Reeling cables, crane systems, lifting equipment 卷筒电缆、起重机系统、升降设备 |
| NSSHÖU | DIN VDE 0250-812 | U₀/U 0.6/1 kV | Heavy-duty flexible cables, mining 重型柔性电缆、矿山 |
| H07RN-F + Ö | VDE 0282 | U₀/U 450/750 V | Portable equipment, machine tools 便携式设备、机床 |
| YSLTÖE | DIN VDE 0250 | U₀/U 0.6/1 kV | Trailing cables, festoon systems 拖缆、悬挂系统 |
N = National standard type (VDE国家标准型号)
S = Special rubber compound (特殊橡胶化合物)
H = Sheathed cable (护套电缆)
T = Support braid/textile reinforcement (支撑编织/纺织增强)
Ö = Enhanced oil resistance (增强耐油性)
U = Suitable for outdoor use (适合户外使用)
Why Oil Resistance is Critical for Industrial Environments
为什么耐油性对工业环境至关重要
Industrial facilities present numerous sources of oil and petroleum-based contamination that can compromise cable integrity. Manufacturing plants, crane systems, CNC machining centers, and material handling equipment routinely expose cables to hydraulic fluids, cutting oils, lubricants, and fuel spillage.[4][10]
工业设施存在大量可能损害电缆完整性的油类和石油基污染源。制造工厂、起重机系统、数控加工中心和物料搬运设备经常使电缆暴露于液压油、切削油、润滑剂和燃料泄漏中。
| Industry Sector 行业部门 | Equipment Type 设备类型 | Oil Exposure Source 油类暴露来源 |
|---|---|---|
| Port & Maritime 港口与海运 | Ship-to-shore cranes, RTG cranes, spreaders | Hydraulic systems, gearbox lubricants 液压系统、齿轮箱润滑油 |
| Manufacturing 制造业 | CNC machines, grinding equipment, lathes | Cutting fluids, coolants, machine lubricants 切削液、冷却液、机器润滑油 |
| Mining 采矿业 | Excavators, conveyor systems, crushers | Hydraulic fluid, diesel fuel, greases 液压液、柴油、润滑脂 |
| Automotive 汽车行业 | Assembly robots, paint lines, welding cells | Motor oils, transmission fluids, solvents 机油、传动液、溶剂 |
| Steel & Metal 钢铁与金属 | Rolling mills, forging presses, heat treatment | Quenching oils, hydraulic systems 淬火油、液压系统 |
| Food & Beverage 食品饮料 | Bottling lines, processing equipment | Food-grade lubricants, cleaning agents 食品级润滑剂、清洁剂 |
当非耐油电缆暴露于石油产品时，护套材料会发生膨胀、软化并最终开裂。这种降解会损害绝缘电阻、降低机械强度，并为水分侵入创造通道——最终导致电气故障、生产停机和潜在的安全隐患。
Comparison: Standard vs. Oil-Resistant Cable Performance
对比：标准电缆与耐油电缆性能
| Property 性能 | Standard PVC Cable 标准PVC电缆 | Oil-Resistant “Ö” Cable 耐油”Ö”电缆 |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength Retention 拉伸强度保持率 | 50-70% (significant loss) | ≥85% (minimal change) |
| Elongation Retention 伸长率保持率 | 40-60% (severe degradation) | ≥80% (stable) |
| Volume Change 体积变化 | +15% to +30% (swelling) | ≤+10% (controlled) |
| Surface Hardness 表面硬度 | Significant softening | Maintained within spec |
| Insulation Resistance 绝缘电阻 | Compromised | Maintained ≥ initial value |
| Service Life in Oil Environment 油类环境使用寿命 | Reduced by 60-80% | Full rated lifetime |
Relevant Standards and Specifications
相关标准与规范
| Standard Number 标准编号 | Title 标题 | Scope 范围 |
|---|---|---|
| DIN VDE 0250 | Cables, Wires and Flexible Cords for Power Installations | General cable construction requirements 电缆构造通用要求 |
| DIN VDE 0250-814 | NSHTÖU Reeling Cables | Oil-resistant drum reeling cables 耐油卷筒电缆 |
| EN 60811-404 / IEC 60811-404 | Mineral Oil Immersion Tests for Sheaths | Oil resistance test methodology 耐油性测试方法 |
| DIN VDE 0473-811-404 | German adoption of IEC 60811-404 | National implementation 国家实施标准 |
| EN 50363-10-2 | TMPU Test Method | Oil resistance for PUR compounds PUR化合物耐油性 |
| DIN VDE 0298-3 | Use of Cables and Isolated Conductors | Installation and application guidance 安装与应用指南 |
Selection Guidelines for Industrial Cable Procurement
工业电缆采购选型指南
When specifying cables for environments where oil exposure is possible, engineers should consider the following factors to ensure proper cable selection:[4][8][10]
在为可能接触油类的环境指定电缆时，工程师应考虑以下因素以确保正确选择电缆：
| Oil Type Assessment 油类类型评估 | Identify specific oils present (mineral, synthetic, vegetable-based) as different compounds offer varying resistance profiles 识别存在的特定油类（矿物油、合成油、植物油），因为不同化合物提供不同的耐受性 |
|---|---|
| Concentration & Duration 浓度与持续时间 | Continuous immersion requires higher-grade compounds than intermittent splash exposure 持续浸泡比间歇性飞溅需要更高等级的化合物 |
| Temperature Considerations 温度考虑 | Elevated temperatures accelerate chemical attack; combine with thermal rating requirements 高温会加速化学侵蚀；需结合热额定要求 |
| Mechanical Requirements 机械要求 | Dynamic applications (reeling, festoon) require flexible oil-resistant compounds 动态应用（卷筒、悬挂）需要柔性耐油化合物 |
| Certification Verification 认证验证 | Request VDE certification marks and test reports per EN 60811-404 要求提供VDE认证标志和EN 60811-404测试报告 |
Conclusion
结论
The “Ö” symbol in VDE cable codes represents a critical material specification for enhanced oil resistance that cannot be overlooked in industrial cable selection. Cables bearing this designation have undergone rigorous testing per EN 60811-404 to verify their ability to maintain mechanical and electrical properties when exposed to petroleum-based substances.
“Ö”符号在VDE电缆编码中代表增强耐油性的关键材料规格，在工业电缆选型中不可忽视。带有此标识的电缆已按照EN 60811-404进行严格测试，以验证其在接触石油基物质时保持机械和电气性能的能力。
For crane systems, CNC machinery, mining equipment, and any industrial application involving hydraulic systems or lubricant exposure, specifying cables with the “Ö” designation ensures operational reliability, extended service life, and compliance with international safety standards.
对于起重机系统、数控机械、采矿设备以及任何涉及液压系统或润滑剂暴露的工业应用，指定带有”Ö”标识的电缆可确保运行可靠性、延长使用寿命并符合国际安全标准。
Technical Consultation / 技术咨询
Anhui Feichun Special Cable Co., Ltd. provides professional technical support for industrial cable selection, custom cable design, and VDE-compliant cable solutions.
安徽飞纯特种电缆有限公司为工业电缆选型、定制电缆设计和VDE合规电缆解决方案提供专业技术支持。
References / 参考文献
- [1] HELUKABEL, “Code Designation Explanations for Cables and Insulated Wire,” Technical Documentation. helukabel.com
- [2] TK-Kabel, “Cable Codes Reference Guide,” EN-0524-Cable-Codes. tk-kabel.de
- [3] Bayka – Bayerische Kabelwerke AG, “Type Designation Codes,” Technical Information. bayka.de
- [4] Eland Cables, “DIN VDE 0250 Standard Cable,” Technical Reference. elandcables.com
- [5] VDE Verlag, “DIN EN 60811-404 VDE 0473-811-404:2012-12 – Mineral Oil Immersion Tests for Sheaths.” vde-verlag.de
- [6] Eland Cables, “Oil Immersion Cable Testing,” Cable Laboratory Services. elandcables.com
- [7] SAB Bröckskes, “Oil Resistance of Cables and Wires – TMPU, TM54 & TM5.” sab-cable.com
- [8] LAPP Group, “ÖLFLEX CRANE NSHTÖU – Low Voltage Power Cable,” Product Catalog. lappgroup.com
- [9] EUROLAB, “DIN VDE 0250 Test Standards for Cables, Wires and Flexible Cables.” laboratuar.com
- [10] Eland Cables, “DIN VDE Standard | DIN VDE Cable.” elandcables.com
![Medium voltage reeling cables conforming to DIN VDE 0250-813 employ a systematic letter coding system that communicates precise information about cable construction, materials, and performance characteristics. Within this nomenclature, each letter position corresponds to a specific structural element or material property, enabling engineers to identify critical design features at a glance.[1][2] 符合DIN VDE 0250-813标准的中压卷筒电缆采用系统性的字母编码系统，传达电缆结构、材料和性能特性的精确信息。在该命名法中，每个字母位置对应特定的结构元素或材料属性，使工程师能够一目了然地识别关键设计特征。](https://feichuncables.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-555-400x225.avif "What Does the Letter \"C\" Indicate in (N)TSCGEWÖU Versus \"K\" in (N)TSKCGEWÖU? 3")
