危险区域防爆电缆接头（Ex d）：编织铠装采矿电缆的接头选型
Cable Glands for Hazardous Areas (Ex d): Selecting Glands for Braided Mining Cables
危险区域防爆电缆接头（Ex d）：编织铠装采矿电缆的接头选型
Anhui Feichun Special Cable Co., Ltd | 安徽飞纯特种电缆有限公司
Overview 概述
In hazardous environments where flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dust may be present, the selection and installation of cable glands becomes a critical safety consideration. Explosion-proof (Ex d) cable glands serve as the essential interface between electrical cables and equipment enclosures, preventing the propagation of flames while maintaining ingress protection in the most demanding mining, oil and gas, and petrochemical applications.
在可能存在易燃气体、蒸汽或可燃粉尘的危险环境中，电缆接头的选择和安装成为关键的安全考虑因素。防爆（Ex d）电缆接头作为电缆与设备外壳之间的重要接口，在最苛刻的采矿、油气和石化应用中防止火焰传播，同时保持防护等级。
This technical guide provides comprehensive information on selecting appropriate Ex d flameproof cable glands for braided armoured mining cables, with emphasis on compliance with international standards including ATEX (European Directive 2014/34/EU), IECEx, and North American certifications.
本技术指南提供关于为编织铠装采矿电缆选择适当Ex d隔爆型电缆接头的全面信息，重点关注符合国际标准，包括ATEX（欧洲指令2014/34/EU）、IECEx和北美认证。
Understanding Explosion Protection Types 了解防爆保护类型
Ex d – Flameproof Enclosure 隔爆型外壳
Flameproof protection (Ex d) is designed to contain any internal explosion within the enclosure and prevent the transmission of flames to the surrounding explosive atmosphere. The Ex d cable gland must maintain a flameproof path through its threaded connection to the equipment housing, ensuring that hot gases cannot escape and ignite external hazardous materials.
隔爆保护（Ex d）旨在将任何内部爆炸控制在外壳内，防止火焰传播到周围的爆炸性环境。Ex d电缆接头必须通过其与设备外壳的螺纹连接保持隔爆路径，确保热气体不能逸出并点燃外部危险物质。
Key Ex d Design Requirements Ex d设计关键要求
Minimum Thread Engagement 最小螺纹啮合: Minimum 5 full threads or 8mm engagement depth with mating equipment, whichever is greater. This requirement ensures adequate flameproof path length to cool escaping gases below ignition temperature.
Inner Seal Function 内密封功能: Must perform both flameproof and gas-tight functions, preventing gas migration through cable cores while withstanding internal explosion pressures.
Material Requirements 材料要求: Typically constructed from nickel-plated brass, stainless steel (AISI 316), or aluminum alloy for corrosion resistance in harsh environments.
Temperature Rating 温度等级: Standard operating range from -60°C to +80°C, with high-temperature variants available up to +130°C for specific applications.
Standards Reference: PFLITSCH Ex Cable Glands Standards | CMP Ex d Equipment Requirements
Additional Protection Types 附加保护类型
| Protection Type 保护类型 | Symbol 符号 | Description 描述 | Typical Application 典型应用 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flameproof 隔爆型 | Ex d | Contains internal explosion, prevents flame transmission 控制内部爆炸，防止火焰传播 | Zone 1, Zone 2 hazardous areas 1区、2区危险区域 |
| Increased Safety 增安型 | Ex e | Prevents sparks and excessive temperature rises 防止火花和过度温升 | Zone 1, Zone 2 terminal boxes 1区、2区接线盒 |
| Dust Protection 粉尘保护 | Ex t | Enhanced tightness prevents dust ingress 增强密封性防止粉尘进入 | Zone 21, Zone 22 dust environments 21区、22区粉尘环境 |
| Restricted Breathing 限制呼吸 | Ex nR | Air-tight seal in both directions 双向气密密封 | Zone 2 general applications 2区一般应用 |
Hazardous Area Zone Classification 危险区域分区分类
Proper zone classification determines the required level of explosion protection for cable glands. The classification system differs between gas/vapor environments (Zones 0, 1, 2) and dust environments (Zones 20, 21, 22).
正确的区域分类决定了电缆接头所需的防爆保护等级。气体/蒸汽环境（0区、1区、2区）与粉尘环境（20区、21区、22区）的分类系统不同。
| Zone 区域 | Environment Type 环境类型 | Frequency of Hazard 危险频率 | Required Protection 所需保护 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zone 0 0区 | Gas/Vapor 气体/蒸汽 | Continuous, prolonged, or frequent occurrence 持续、长时间或频繁出现 | Highest level protection (Category 1) 最高级别保护（1类） |
| Zone 1 1区 | Gas/Vapor 气体/蒸汽 | Likely to occur in normal operation 正常操作中可能出现 | Ex d, Ex e certified glands Ex d、Ex e认证接头 |
| Zone 2 2区 | Gas/Vapor 气体/蒸汽 | Not likely during normal operation 正常操作中不太可能出现 | Ex d, Ex e, Ex nR glands acceptable 可使用Ex d、Ex e、Ex nR接头 |
| Zone 20 20区 | Combustible Dust 可燃粉尘 | Continuous, prolonged, or frequent 持续、长时间或频繁 | Ex t dust protection required 需要Ex t粉尘保护 |
| Zone 21 21区 | Combustible Dust 可燃粉尘 | Occasional occurrence likely 可能偶尔出现 | Ex t, IP6X ingress protection Ex t、IP6X防护等级 |
| Zone 22 22区 | Combustible Dust 可燃粉尘 | Rare occurrence, short duration 罕见出现，持续时间短 | IP5X minimum protection 最低IP5X防护 |
Classification Standards: IECEx Cable Gland Zone Selection Guide | Ex Industries Hazardous Area Guide
Selecting Cable Glands for Braided Mining Cables 编织铠装采矿电缆的接头选型
Braided Armour Cable Characteristics 编织铠装电缆特性
Braided armoured cables used in mining applications feature tinned copper wire braid (GSWB, TCWB), steel tape armour (STA, DSTA), or aluminum strip armour (ASA). Unlike rigid steel wire armour (SWA), braided armour provides superior flexibility for mobile mining equipment while maintaining electromagnetic shielding and mechanical protection.
采矿应用中使用的编织铠装电缆具有镀锡铜线编织（GSWB、TCWB）、钢带铠装（STA、DSTA）或铝带铠装（ASA）。与刚性钢丝铠装（SWA）不同，编织铠装为移动采矿设备提供卓越的灵活性，同时保持电磁屏蔽和机械保护。
Critical Selection Criteria for Braided Cables 编织电缆的关键选择标准
Grooved Cone Design (X-Type) 槽锥设计（X型）: Ex d cable glands for braided armour must feature grooved cone clamping mechanisms specifically designed to grip double-strand wire braid or folded tape armour without damaging the flexible construction.
Metal-to-Metal Armour Clamping 金属对金属铠装夹紧: Provides secure retention under mechanical stress and vibration typical in mining operations, ensuring low-impedance earth continuity (typically below 10 mΩ when properly installed).
Inner Seal Compatibility 内密封兼容性: Displacement-type inner seals accommodate varying cable core diameters and prevent cold flow deformation common in LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) or PUR (Polyurethane) cable sheaths.
Compound Barrier Sealing 复合阻隔密封: RapidEx liquid resin barriers seal directly around internal cable cores, eliminating gas migration risks through non-filled cable structures required in Ex d applications.
Technical Details: EUTEX PX2KX Braided Cable Gland Specifications | CMP CX Cable Gland for Braided Cables
Cable Gland Sizing for Braided Armour 编织铠装的电缆接头尺寸
Accurate measurement of cable outer diameter, inner bedding diameter, and armour wire dimensions is essential for proper gland selection. The table below provides sizing guidance for common Ex d cable glands used with braided mining cables.
准确测量电缆外径、内衬直径和铠装线尺寸对于正确选择接头至关重要。下表提供了用于编织采矿电缆的常见Ex d电缆接头的尺寸指导。
| Thread Size 螺纹尺寸 | Cable Outer Sheath 电缆外护套 (mm) | Inner Bedding Range 内衬范围 (mm) | Armour Wire/Braid 铠装线/编织 (mm) | Typical Mining Cable 典型采矿电缆 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M20 x 1.5 | 13.0 – 18.0 | 8.5 – 13.5 | 0.3 – 1.5 (double braid) 0.3-1.5（双编织） | 3C x 4mm² braided SHD-GC 3芯4平方编织SHD-GC |
| M25 x 1.5 | 18.0 – 25.0 | 13.5 – 19.0 | 0.5 – 2.0 (double braid) 0.5-2.0（双编织） | 3C x 10mm² braided power cable 3芯10平方编织电力电缆 |
| M32 x 1.5 | 25.0 – 32.0 | 19.0 – 26.0 | 0.5 – 2.5 (double braid) 0.5-2.5（双编织） | 3C x 25mm² heavy duty mining 3芯25平方重型采矿电缆 |
| M40 x 1.5 | 32.0 – 40.0 | 26.0 – 34.0 | 0.8 – 3.0 (double braid) 0.8-3.0（双编织） | 3C x 50mm² dragline cable 3芯50平方拉铲电缆 |
| M50 x 1.5 | 40.0 – 50.0 | 34.0 – 43.0 | 1.0 – 4.0 (double braid) 1.0-4.0（双编织） | 3C x 95mm² shovel reeling cable 3芯95平方挖掘机卷筒电缆 |
Sizing Standards: Armed Cable Gland Selection Guide | 2025 Hazardous Area Cable Gland Guide
Installation Standards and Procedures 安装标准和程序
IEC 60079-14 Installation Requirements IEC 60079-14安装要求
IEC 60079-14 provides comprehensive guidance for electrical installations in hazardous areas, with specific requirements for cable gland selection, installation, and inspection. All Ex d installations must comply with these standards to maintain certification validity.
IEC 60079-14为危险区域的电气安装提供全面指导，对电缆接头的选择、安装和检验有具体要求。所有Ex d安装必须符合这些标准以保持认证有效性。
Mandatory Installation Steps 强制性安装步骤
Step 1: Verify Zone Classification 步骤1：验证区域分类
Confirm that the selected cable gland’s protection level meets or exceeds the equipment’s classification. Ex d glands can be used in Zone 1 and Zone 2 locations, but Zone 2-only glands cannot be used in Zone 1 equipment.
Step 2: Thread Engagement Verification 步骤2：螺纹啮合验证
Ensure minimum 5 full threads or 8mm engagement depth (whichever is greater) between the cable gland and equipment housing. Use thread gauges to verify proper engagement before final tightening.
Step 3: Armour Termination 步骤3：铠装终端
Strip cable outer sheath to expose braided armour according to manufacturer’s stripping dimensions. For double-braid construction, fold the outer braid back over itself to double the effective clamping thickness.
Step 4: Barrier Seal Application 步骤4：阻隔密封应用
For barrier-type Ex d glands, apply liquid resin compound around individual cable cores as specified. Allow full curing time (typically 24 hours at 20°C) before energization to ensure gas-tight seal formation.
Step 5: Torque Application 步骤5：扭矩应用
Tighten cable gland components to manufacturer’s specified torque values using calibrated torque wrenches. Over-tightening can damage seals and compression components, while under-tightening compromises flameproof integrity.
Step 6: Earth Continuity Testing 步骤6：接地连续性测试
Verify earth continuity between cable armour and equipment enclosure using a low-resistance ohmmeter. Resistance should not exceed 0.1 ohm for proper fault protection.
Installation Guide: CMP Ex d Installation Technical Guide
Ingress Protection (IP) Ratings 防护等级（IP）
Ex d cable glands must maintain the equipment’s ingress protection rating, typically IP54 minimum for hazardous areas, with IP66, IP67, or IP68 required for harsh mining environments with water spray, dust, or temporary immersion exposure.
Ex d电缆接头必须保持设备的防护等级，危险区域通常最低IP54，恶劣采矿环境中遇到喷水、粉尘或暂时浸没时需要IP66、IP67或IP68。
| IP Rating 防护等级 | Dust Protection 防尘保护 | Water Protection 防水保护 | Mining Application 采矿应用 |
|---|---|---|---|
| IP54 | Dust protected (limited ingress) 防尘（有限进入） | Splash water from any direction 任意方向飞溅水 | Minimum for Zone 1/2 indoor installations 1区/2区室内安装最低要求 |
| IP66 | Dust tight (no ingress) 尘密（无进入） | Powerful water jets 强力水射流 | Outdoor mining equipment, wash-down areas 户外采矿设备、冲洗区域 |
| IP67 | Dust tight 尘密 | Temporary immersion up to 1m 暂时浸没至1米 | Underground mining, wet locations 地下采矿、潮湿场所 |
| IP68 | Dust tight 尘密 | Continuous immersion beyond 1m 超过1米持续浸没 | Submersible pumps, underwater applications 潜水泵、水下应用 |
IP Rating Standards: SUREALL Explosion Proof Cable Gland IP Ratings
Global Certification Standards 全球认证标准
Ex d cable glands for mining applications must carry appropriate certifications for the jurisdiction where they will be installed. Multiple certifications allow single products to be used globally, reducing supply chain complexity and inventory requirements.
用于采矿应用的Ex d电缆接头必须具有安装地区的适当认证。多重认证允许单一产品在全球使用，减少供应链复杂性和库存需求。
| Certification 认证 | Region 地区 | Standard Reference 标准参考 | Key Requirements 关键要求 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATEX | European Union 欧盟 | Directive 2014/34/EU EN 60079-0, EN 60079-1 | CE marking, notified body certification CE标志、公告机构认证 |
| IECEx | International 国际 | IEC 60079-0, IEC 60079-1 IEC 60079-7, IEC 60079-15 | Global mutual recognition scheme 全球相互承认计划 |
| UL/cCSAus | North America 北美 | UL 1203, CSA C22.2 No. 30 CSA C22.2 No. 174 | Class I Div 1/2, Class II certification I类1/2区、II类认证 |
| INMETRO | Brazil 巴西 | NR-10, ABNT NBR IEC 60079 | Brazilian market access certification 巴西市场准入认证 |
| EAC | Eurasian 欧亚 | TR CU 012/2011 | Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus compliance 俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、白俄罗斯合规 |
Certification Information: CMP ATEX Cable Gland Certifications | Ex Industries Global Certification Guide
Mining-Specific Applications 采矿特定应用
Different mining equipment and operational environments require specific cable gland configurations. The following table outlines recommended Ex d gland specifications for common mining applications using braided armoured cables.
不同的采矿设备和操作环境需要特定的电缆接头配置。下表概述了使用编织铠装电缆的常见采矿应用推荐的Ex d接头规格。
| Mining Equipment 采矿设备 | Cable Type 电缆类型 | Zone Classification 区域分类 | Recommended Gland Type 推荐接头类型 | Special Requirements 特殊要求 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Miners 连续采煤机 | SHD-GC braided trailing cable SHD-GC编织拖缆 | Group I (Underground) I类（地下） | Ex d, Ex e barrier gland with ground check 带接地检查的Ex d、Ex e阻隔接头 | Flange-mount option for vibration resistance 法兰安装选项抗振动 |
| Longwall Shearers 长壁采煤机 | Braided power + control cable 编织电力+控制电缆 | Group I Zone 1 I类1区 | Ex db barrier type with EMC shielding 带EMC屏蔽的Ex db阻隔型 | IP67 minimum for water spray exposure 喷水环境最低IP67 |
| Draglines 拉铲挖掘机 | Heavy-duty braided SWA/STA 重型编织SWA/STA | Group II Zone 2 (Surface) II类2区（地面） | Ex d, Ex nR grooved cone (X-type) Ex d、Ex nR槽锥（X型） | High mechanical retention force >1250N 高机械保持力>1250N |
| Electric Shovels 电铲 | Reeling cable with copper braid 带铜编织的卷筒电缆 | Group II Zone 2 II类2区 | Ex d with deluge protection 带防洪保护的Ex d | -40°C to +80°C temperature range 温度范围-40°C至+80°C |
| Conveyor Systems 输送系统 | Braided flexible power cable 编织柔性电力电缆 | Zone 21 (Dust) 21区（粉尘） | Ex d, Ex t dust protection Ex d、Ex t粉尘保护 | IP66 dust-tight enclosure rating IP66尘密外壳等级 |
Application Guide: CMP Group I Mining Cable Glands
Why Choose Anhui Feichun Special Cable 为什么选择安徽飞纯特种电缆
Anhui Feichun Special Cable Co., Ltd. manufactures high-quality braided mining cables designed to work seamlessly with certified Ex d cable glands. Our cables comply with ICEA S-75-381, IEC 60502, and mining-specific standards worldwide.
安徽飞纯特种电缆有限公司制造高质量编织采矿电缆，旨在与认证的Ex d电缆接头无缝配合。我们的电缆符合ICEA S-75-381、IEC 60502和全球采矿特定标准。
Our Expertise in Mining Cables 我们在采矿电缆方面的专业知识
Braided Armour Construction 编织铠装结构: Tinned copper wire braid (TCWB) provides excellent flexibility, EMC shielding, and low earth resistance for reliable Ex d gland termination.
Ground Check Integration 接地检查集成: Yellow-insulated ground check conductors meet mining safety requirements for continuous ground monitoring in hazardous areas.
Temperature Performance 温度性能: EPR insulation systems rated for -40°C to +90°C operation in extreme mining environments.
Global Compliance 全球合规: Cables certified by MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration), tested to ASTM B-172 conductor standards, and compliant with AS/NZS, VDE, and CAN/CSA specifications.
Technical Support 技术支持: Our engineering team provides cable gland sizing recommendations, compatibility verification, and installation guidance for Ex d applications.
