EN 50525-2-21 - Reeling & Trailing Cables For Cranes & Mining — Feichun Special Cable Blogs

C PUR Design Integration: FLEXIFESTOON PUR characteristics (inherited): Outer sheath: PUR (polyurethane, compact) Insulation: Special TPE (superior elongation) Central unit: Textile (mechanical support) Weight: 25–30% lighter than standard rubber Diameter: 15–20% smaller than rubber equivalent Cost: +15–25% premium over rubber Service life: 10–15 years (extended) Screened design addition (new): Screen: Tinned copper braid (EMC shielding) Coverage: 80–90% (good EMC performance) Diameter impact: +2–3 mm (screen adds ~3 mm to diameter) Weight impact: +500 kg/km (braid + outer sheath) Cost: Additional +10–15% for screen layer Combined C PUR result: vs. Unscreened PUR (FLEXIFESTOON PUR): FLEXIFESTOON PUR: Minimal diameter/weight, no EMC C PUR: Slightly larger (screen added), excellent EMC Choice: PUR for maximum compactness (non-EMI environments) C PUR for VFD motors, confined spaces with EMC requirements vs. Standard rubber screened (GRDGCGÖU-J): GRDGCGÖU-J: Standard diameter, heavy, rubber durability C PUR: Compact diameter, lightweight, superior oil/chemical resistance Choice: GRDGCGÖU-J for simple temporary festoon C PUR for permanent industrial machine tool installation Nomenclature: FLEXIFESTOON® = Product family (flexible cable) C = Screen (copper braid, "C" from German "Schirm") PUR = Material (polyurethane jacket) Result: "FLEXIFESTOON C PUR" = Screened compact polyurethane cable

Technical Department

on23/06/2026

O que é PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 6/10KV: Análise Técnica do Cabo de Média Tensão para Enrolamento com Fibra Óptica Integrada

O PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 6/10KV é um cabo flexível de média tensão para enrolamento, projetado para grandes máquinas móveis de manuseio de material, como escavadeiras elétricas, dumpers, britadores móveis, equipamentos de mineração a céu aberto, empilhadeiras e recuperadoras de minério, shiploaders, descarregadores de navios e sistemas de pátio de granéis. Sua particularidade está em combinar, dentro de uma única seção transversal, alimentação elétrica de 6/10 kV, condutores de proteção divididos, blindagem semicondutora, isolação EPR, reforço mecânico por trança de poliéster, capa externa PCP resistente à abrasão e um elemento óptico LWL para comunicação imune a interferência eletromagnética.

LIFT-2S (European) vs. LIFT-1S UL (North American): LIFT-2S characteristics: Voltage: 300/500V (European standard, lower voltage) Temperature: −40°C to +70°C (moderate range) Standards: VDE 0482 part 265-2-1, EN 50265-2-1, IEC 60332-1-2 Design philosophy: Safety by material redundancy (2 steel cores) Steel cores: 2× cores provide mechanical backup Conductor: Class 6 (European, ~150–200 wires per mm²) Cost: Lower (proven European manufacturing) Market: Europe, Asia-Pacific, most of world LIFT-1S UL characteristics: Voltage: 600V (North American standard, higher voltage) Temperature: −25°C to +105°C (extreme range, high-temp optimized) Standards: UL 2562, UL 62, CSA C22.2 No.210.2 Design philosophy: Safety by certification (single core + redundant control) Steel core: 1× core (sufficient with nylon covering) Conductor: Class M (UL, extra fine ~300+ wires per mm²) Cost: Higher (UL testing, certification documentation) Market: North America (USA, Canada), Mexico UL 2562 specialty certification: UL 2562 scope: Elevator and Dumbwaiter Cables Specific requirements: 1. Pendant cable design (cable hangs freely, no duct support) 2. Vertical orientation (designed for gravity-loaded suspension) 3. Repeated flex cycles (cable moves up/down frequently) 4. Safety-critical function (failure = personnel risk) Consequence: More stringent than general-purpose cables Testing includes: Bend cycle fatigue, heat aging, compression resistance Test procedures (unique to UL 2562): Bend cycle test: 1,000+ cycles at minimum bending radius Cable must pass insulation resistance after cycling Heat aging: 500+ hours at 105°C continuous Tensile strength retention minimum 70% Compression: 1,000+ hours under sustained compression Cable cross-section must not exceed 5% permanent deformation LIFT-2S (no UL 2562): Tests per VDE are less stringent on fatigue/cycling Assumes cable mostly static, not repeated flex Adequate for European elevator duty (lower speed, fewer cycles) LIFT-1S UL: All UL 2562 tests passed (proven for North American elevators) Faster cycle times, more frequent motion → more fatigue stress Extra testing ensures reliability under North American elevator duty Market requirement (regulatory): Europe/International: CE mark required (European conformity) VDE/EN/IEC standards sufficient No UL certification needed (not recognized in EU) LIFT-2S is sufficient North America (USA, Canada): UL certification mandatory for elevators UL 2562 specifically for elevator cables CSA dual certification required in Canada LIFT-2S NOT acceptable (lacks UL 2562) LIFT-1S UL mandatory Cost implication: UL certification: ~$5,000–15,000 per product per region Testing duration: 3–6 months per model Documentation: Comprehensive test reports, technical files Result: LIFT-1S UL 20–30% higher cost than equivalent European cable

Technical Department

on12/06/2026

Что такое H07RN-F / 60245 IEC 66(YCW): heavy-duty rubber-sheath cable для ручных устройств, промышленности, сельского хозяйства, света и звука

H07RN-F / 60245 IEC 66(YCW) / YCW — это heavy-duty rubber-sheath cable стандартной тяжёлой конструкции с CCC and VDE dual certification. Кабель предназначен для hand-held and power supply devices, dry and damp interiors, limited outdoor use, light and sound technology, industrial and agricultural use under medium mechanical stress. По предоставленным данным он имеет fine wire bare copper conductors, rubber type EI4 core insulation, black rubber type EM2 outer sheath, U0/U 450/750 V nominal voltage, 2500 V test voltage, flame-retardant behaviour according to IEC 60332-1-2, oil resistance according to EN 60811-404 and compliance with IEC 60245.4.

H07RN-F: Advanced High-Flexibility Salt-Fog Resistant Port Cable Engineering Solution Specialized rubber-sheathed electrical cable engineered for extreme maritime and coastal port environments. H07RN-F combines superior mechanical flexibility (4×D minimum fixed-laying bending radius, 6×D flexible-application capability) with comprehensive salt-fog environmental resistance, enabling reliable 450/750V power distribution and control signaling in container gantry systems, ship loaders, and port automation infrastructure where conventional cables fail within 6–12 months of deployment.

Technical Department

on11/06/2026

Что такое H05RN-F / 60245 IEC 57(YZW): резиновый кабель для ручных устройств, инспекционных ламп, декоративных световых цепей и лёгких workshop tools

H05RN-F / 60245 IEC 57(YZW) — это резиновый кабель среднего класса нагрузки для питания бытовых и лёгких профессиональных устройств: household devices, kitchens, offices, handheld inspection lamps, chains of decorative lights and lightweight workshop tools subject to medium loads. Он имеет dual certification CCC and VDE в части типоразмеров, соответствует EN 50525-2-21, GB/T 5013.4 and IEC 60245.4, рассчитан на U0/U 300/500 V, имеет test voltage 2000 V, fine-wire class 5 copper conductor, rubber type EI4 core insulation, black rubber type EM2 outer sheath, flame-retardant behaviour according to IEC 60332-1-2 and oil resistance according to EN 60811-404. Для Feichun этот кабель является хорошим примером лёгкого/среднего rubber-sheath cable; для портов, рудников и тяжёлых машин его нельзя путать с heavy-duty mining, reeling or tensile-resistant cable.

FLEXIFESTOON® SEOOW YELLOW represents FeiChun's entry into the low-voltage festoon and temporary power market. The nomenclature requires careful explanation to distinguish this product from the high-voltage FLEXIDRUM series: FLEXIFESTOON Product Nomenclature: FLEXIFESTOON® = Product family name Flex = Flexible (emphasis on bending & handling) Festoon = Strung overhead in continuous runs (typical festoon lighting application) SEOOW = Industry-standard designation S = Service cord (temporary, not permanent installation) E = Elastomer jacket (flexible sheath) OO = Oil-resistant conductor insulation (TPE qualifies as oil-resistant) W = Weather-resistant sheath (water, ozone, UV resistant) SEOOW is defined in: UL 62 (Standard for Flexible Cords and Cables) CSA 22.2 No. 49 (Canadian equivalent) NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC) Article 400 YELLOW designation: Color: RAL 1021 (traffic yellow, high visibility) Safety significance: Yellow cords attract attention in job sites Practical purpose: Easy to identify, prevent trips/entanglement Contrast with FLEXIDRUM series: FLEXIDRUM (High-Voltage MV Cable): Voltage: 3.6 kV to 20/35 kV (power distribution) Temperature: −40 to +80°C (standard industrial) Application: Mobile mining/tunneling equipment (capital-intensive) Size: Large diameter, heavy (3–12 kg/km) FLEXIFESTOON (Low-Voltage Service Cord): Voltage: 600V (light/power temporary use) Temperature: −60 to +105°C (extreme environmental range) Application: Festoon lighting, temporary site power, outdoor events Size: Small diameter, lightweight (0.05–0.3 kg/m) Cost: Consumer/contractor-grade (not specialty industrial)

Technical Department

on10/06/2026

PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 25KV / 35KV：集成光纤中压卷筒电缆工程解析

PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 是一种集成光纤的中压卷筒电缆，适用于露天矿大型物料处理机械，例如大型挖掘机、自卸设备、移动破碎机，以及配合单螺旋卷筒和圆柱卷筒运行的高机械应力移动供电系统。当前资料覆盖 25KV 与 35KV 两个系列，二者均采用三芯中压结构、分裂接地导体、光纤单元、PROTOLON EPR 绝缘、聚酯编织增强和 PCP 外护套

DLO Cable Classification: DLO designation meaning: DLO = Deep Level Operations (primary interpretation) Alternative: Diesel Locomotive Overhead (secondary) Context: Used extensively in South African and Australian deep mines where locomotive-hauled trains move ore underground Power supply: 2000V AC fed overhead to locomotive pantograph Deep Level Operations (mining context): Depth: >2,000 meters (6,500+ feet) below surface Pressure: 200+ atmospheres (extreme hydrostatic) Temperature: Geothermal heating to +35–40°C at depth (before cooling) Moisture: 100% relative humidity (saturated conditions) Chemical exposure: Sulfides, nitrates, acidic water Cable requirement: Must withstand extreme environmental stress DLO 2000V: Engineered specifically for these conditions 2000V voltage class significance: Why 2000V (not 1000V or 10kV)? - 1000V: Insufficient for long underground raceways (voltage drop) - 2000V: Sweet spot for deep mine distribution (good efficiency) - 10kV: Overkill for mobile equipment, insulation too thick Power efficiency at depth: P_loss = I²R per kilometer of cable run At 2000V, current = P / (2000 × √3) = 70–80% lower than 240V Over 5 km underground run: Voltage drop acceptable Voltage stress on insulation: Peak voltage (AC peak): 2000 × √2 / 1.414 ≈ 2.8 kV peak Test voltage: 4 kV (1.4× peak, safety margin) Partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV): >5 kV (safe margin) Single-core requirement: Mining locomotives: Three single-core cables run overhead in catenary Reason: Parallel path allows independent cable routing Mechanical advantage: Individual cables can flex, bend independently Installation: Easier to handle than 3-core bundle underground Application: One cable per phase (L1, L2, L3) + neutral if needed Typical setup: 3 × 2000V DLO cables for 3-phase power to locomotive

Technical Department

on23/05/2026

Аналог REELTEC PUR-HF 3×120+3G70 от завода Feichun: высокоскоростной барабанный кабель с антисолевой защитой для портовых кранов RTG, STS и судоремонтных доков

Глубокий инженерный анализ кабеля Feichun для скоростных намоточных барабанов — функционального аналога REELTEC PUR-HF 3×120+3G70 (HELUKABEL / RHEYDT). Сечение 3×120 мм² (силовые жилы 0,4/0,69 кВ — 0,6/1 кВ) и 3G70 мм² (PE + контрольные/симметричный заземляющий проводник), специально оптимизированное под линейную скорость намотки до 240 м/мин и ускорение до 4 м/с². Тонкопроволочная медь класса 6 по ГОСТ Р МЭК 60228 (более 1900 проволок Ø 0,16 мм в жиле 120 мм²), полупроводящий разделительный слой над жилой, симметричное расположение PE в виде «троичной» (triplet) конструкции 3G70, текстильное усиление из арамидных нитей в зоне нейтрального волокна, экран из медных проволок (опционально 0,3 мм покрытием), внутренняя оболочка TPE, наружная оболочка PUR (полиэфирно-эфирный, hydrolysis-resistant 11Y по DIN VDE 0207-363-5-1). Гарантированный ресурс — более 8 миллионов циклов изгиба на барабанах диаметром от 18×D, испытания соляным туманом по ISO 9227 NSS — свыше 1000 часов без потери диэлектрических свойств, расширенный диапазон −40…+90 °C, стойкость к UV (HD 605/A1), озону (EN 50396), маслам (IRM 902), микроорганизмам и абразивному износу при движении кабеля по направляющим роликам.

H07RN-F: Advanced High-Flexibility Salt-Fog Resistant Port Cable Engineering Solution Specialized rubber-sheathed electrical cable engineered for extreme maritime and coastal port environments. H07RN-F combines superior mechanical flexibility (4×D minimum fixed-laying bending radius, 6×D flexible-application capability) with comprehensive salt-fog environmental resistance, enabling reliable 450/750V power distribution and control signaling in container gantry systems, ship loaders, and port automation infrastructure where conventional cables fail within 6–12 months of deployment.

Technical Department

on15/05/2026

H07RN-F

H07RN-F: Advanced High-Flexibility Salt-Fog Resistant Port Cable Engineering Solution Specialized rubber-sheathed electrical cable engineered for extreme maritime and coastal port environments. H07RN-F combines superior mechanical flexibility (4×D minimum fixed-laying bending radius, 6×D flexible-application capability) with comprehensive salt-fog environmental resistance, enabling reliable 450/750V power distribution and control signaling in container gantry systems, ship loaders, and port automation infrastructure where conventional cables fail within 6–12 months of deployment.

In mining pump and dewatering operations, cable selection directly impacts system reliability and operational safety. While H07RN-F Titanex (manufactured by Nexans) represents a high-quality general industrial rubber cable compliant with EN 50525-2-21/IEC 60245-4, the NSSHÖU cable manufactured per DIN VDE 0250 Part 812 offers critical advantages specifically engineered for mining environments. 在矿井泵和排水作业中，电缆选择直接影响系统可靠性和操作安全。虽然H07RN-F Titanex（Nexans生产）是符合EN 50525-2-21/IEC 60245-4标准的高品质通用工业橡胶电缆，但按DIN VDE 0250第812部分制造的NSSHÖU电缆专为矿业环境设计，具有关键优势。

Technical Department

on09/02/2026

H07RN-F Titanex vs. NSSHÖU: Why NSSHÖU is Superior for Mining Pump Applications

In mining pump and dewatering operations, cable selection directly impacts system reliability and operational safety. While H07RN-F Titanex (manufactured by Nexans) represents a high-quality general industrial rubber cable compliant with EN 50525-2-21/IEC 60245-4, the NSSHÖU cable manufactured per DIN VDE 0250 Part 812 offers critical advantages specifically engineered for mining environments. 在矿井泵和排水作业中，电缆选择直接影响系统可靠性和操作安全。虽然H07RN-F Titanex（Nexans生产）是符合EN 50525-2-21/IEC 60245-4标准的高品质通用工业橡胶电缆，但按DIN VDE 0250第812部分制造的NSSHÖU电缆专为矿业环境设计，具有关键优势。

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) vs Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene (CSP) Sheath Performance Under Extreme UV Radiation in Pilbara Region Mining Operations 氯化聚乙烯(CPE)与氯磺化聚乙烯(CSP)护套在皮尔巴拉地区采矿作业极端紫外线辐射下性能的综合技术分析

Technical Department

on05/02/2026

PROTOLON(SB) SHD-GC I 5 – 15 KV

Shielded Heavy-Duty Ground Check Cables (SHD-GC) are specialized power supply and connection cables designed for large material handling equipment such as excavators in opencast mining operations. These cables withstand extremely high mechanical stresses and are particularly suitable for trailing operations where abrasion and chafing stresses are expected.

The maximum allowable pilot loop resistance for Type 450 mining cables operating with Ampcontrol earth continuity relays represents a critical electrical parameter that directly impacts mine safety and operational reliability. This comprehensive technical analysis examines the interaction between AS/NZS 2802:2000 Type 450 cable specifications and Ampcontrol relay requirements, providing mining engineers and electrical designers with authoritative guidance for proper system design and selection. 与Ampcontrol地电连续继电器配合使用的Type 450矿用电缆的最大允许导向回路电阻是一个直接影响矿山安全和运行可靠性的关键电气参数。本全面技术分析检查了AS/NZS 2802:2000 Type 450电缆规格与Ampcontrol继电器要求之间的相互作用，为矿业工程师和电气设计师提供了正确系统设计和选择的权威指导。

Technical Department

on05/02/2026

PROTOLON (SB) NTSCGEWOEU I 3 – 30 KV

These cables serve as power supply or connection cables for large material handling machines, such as excavators in opencast mines, subjected to extremely high mechanical stresses where abrasion and chaffing stresses are expected in trailing operation. 这些电缆用作大型物料搬运机械(如露天矿山挖掘机)的电源或连接电缆,在拖曳作业中承受极高的机械应力、磨损和摩擦应力。

H07RN-F to NSSHÖU represents not just a viable replacement but potentially a significant improvement in pump system reliability. This technical analysis will guide you through each aspect of this decision-making process, providing the engineering knowledge needed to make an informed choice for your specific dewatering application.

Technical Department

on26/01/2026

Can I Replace Standard H07RN-F Cable with NSSHÖU for Heavy-Duty Mining Dewatering Pumps?

H07RN-F to NSSHÖU represents not just a viable replacement but potentially a significant improvement in pump system reliability. This technical analysis will guide you through each aspect of this decision-making process, providing the engineering knowledge needed to make an informed choice for your specific dewatering application.

DIN VDE 0250 Mining Cable

7 Min Read

Technical Department

on12/01/2026

Что такое гибкий кабель с резиновой изоляцией гармонизированной конструкции TENAX®-O H07RN-F A07RN-F?

Кабель H07RN-F / A07RN-F имеет сложную многослойную конструкцию, разработанную для максимальной долговечности и электрических характеристик. Проводник состоит из тонкоскрученных медных проволок (лужёных для сечений до 10мм²), соответствующих требованиям гибкости класса 5 по IEC 60228. Изоляционный слой выполнен из этиленпропиленовой резиновой смеси класса EI4 — в частности, наша запатентованная формула TENAX®-O — обеспечивает исключительную озоностойкость, УФ-стабильность и устраняет необходимость дополнительной защиты жил в точках подключения.

EN 50525 cable, H07V-K cable, H07RN-F cable, H05VV-F cable, 6491X cable, 6491B cable, tri-rated cable, H07V2-K, H05V2-K, 318Y cable, 2491X cable, 2192Y cable, H07Z1-K LSZH cable, H03VV-F cable, H05RR-F cable, H07BN4-F 6381TQ, H01N2-D welding cable, H05S-K silicone cable, EN 50525-2-11, EN 50525-2-21, EN 50525-2-31, EN 50525-3-31, BS6500 replacement, CENELEC harmonized cable, low voltage cable 450/750V, European cable standard, PVC insulated cable, LSZH cable specification, elastomeric cable industrial, flexible thermoplastic cable, cable para instalación fija, cable libre de halógenos, cable de silicona alta temperatura, cable soldadura EN 50525, norma europea cables, cable armonizado CENELEC, cable baja tensión 750V, especificación cable EN 50525, cable industrial pesado H07RN-F, cable doméstico H05VV-F, cable tri-rated automotriz, EN 50525電纜, 歐洲統一電纜標準, 低壓電纜450/750V, LSZH無鹵電纜, 矽膠高溫電纜, 工業用橡膠電纜

Technical Department

on26/12/2025

¿Qué es el Cable EN 50525?

EN 50525 cable, H07V-K cable, H07RN-F cable, H05VV-F cable, 6491X cable, 6491B cable, tri-rated cable, H07V2-K, H05V2-K, 318Y cable, 2491X cable, 2192Y cable, H07Z1-K LSZH cable, H03VV-F cable, H05RR-F cable, H07BN4-F 6381TQ, H01N2-D welding cable, H05S-K silicone cable, EN 50525-2-11, EN 50525-2-21, EN 50525-2-31, EN 50525-3-31, BS6500 replacement, CENELEC harmonized cable, low voltage cable 450/750V, European cable standard, PVC insulated cable, LSZH cable specification, elastomeric cable industrial, flexible thermoplastic cable, cable para instalación fija, cable libre de halógenos, cable de silicona alta temperatura, cable soldadura EN 50525, norma europea cables, cable armonizado CENELEC, cable baja tensión 750V, especificación cable EN 50525, cable industrial pesado H07RN-F, cable doméstico H05VV-F, cable tri-rated automotriz, EN 50525電纜, 歐洲統一電纜標準, 低壓電纜450/750V, LSZH無鹵電纜, 矽膠高溫電纜, 工業用橡膠電纜

H07RN-F cable, H05RR-F cable, H07ZZ-F cable, H07BN4-F cable, H07RN8-F cable, H05BB-F cable, H05BQ-F cable, H07BB-F cable, H07BQ-F cable, H05GG-F cable, H05SS-F cable

Technical Department

on19/12/2025

What is BS7919 Cable?

BS7919 cable, BS7919 flexible cable, BS EN 50525 cable, industrial flexible cable, rubber flexible cable, heavy duty cable 450/750V,H07RN-F cable, H05RR-F cable, H07ZZ-F cable, H07BN4-F cable, H07RN8-F cable, H05BB-F cable, H05BQ-F cable, H07BB-F cable, H07BQ-F cable, H05GG-F cable, H05SS-F cable,BS7919電纜, 柔性橡膠電纜, 工業柔性電纜, 重型橡膠電纜, 耐油電纜, 阻燃柔性電纜, 港口機械電纜, 起重機電纜, 移動電源電纜, H07RN-F橡膠電纜, 450/750V柔性電纜, 氯丁橡膠護套電纜, EPR絕緣電纜, 多芯柔性電纜, 拖曳電纜, 卷筒電纜

PROTOLON (SB-SAM) (N)TSCGEWOEU 6/10KV represents advanced medium voltage trailing cable technology with optimized wall-thickness design. This specialized cable serves as the primary power supply and connection solution for large material handling machines operating in demanding open-cast mining environments.

Technical Department

on18/12/2025

PROTOLON (SB-SAM) (N)TSCGEWOEU 6/10KV

PROTOLON (SB-SAM) (N)TSCGEWOEU 6/10KV represents advanced medium voltage trailing cable technology with optimized wall-thickness design. This specialized cable serves as the primary power supply and connection solution for large material handling machines operating in demanding open-cast mining environments.

PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 6/10KV is a highly specialized medium voltage (MV) reeling cable engineered for the demanding conditions of open-cast mining and tunneling operations. This cable integrates fiber-optic elements for simultaneous power transmission and high-speed data communication, making it essential for modern automated mining equipment including excavators, dumpers, and mobile crushers.

Technical Department

on17/12/2025

What is PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 6/10KV Mining & Tunneling MV Reeling Cable?

PROTOLON (M) R-(N)TSCGEWOEU LWL 6/10KV is a highly specialized medium voltage (MV) reeling cable engineered for the demanding conditions of open-cast mining and tunneling operations. This cable integrates fiber-optic elements for simultaneous power transmission and high-speed data communication, making it essential for modern automated mining equipment including excavators, dumpers, and mobile crushers.

H07RN-F Cable

Technical Department

on07/11/2025

What is H07RN-F Cable? Complete Guide to 450/750V Industrial Applications

H07RN-F cable represents a specialized category of heavy-duty flexible rubber trailing cables designed specifically for industrial applications requiring exceptional durability and flexibility. The harmonized designation H07RN-F indicates a voltage rating of 450/750V (where “H07” denotes the 450/750V classification), with “RN” signifying rubber insulation materials and “F” indicating flexible construction according to European standards.