{"id":18745,"date":"2026-06-15T15:17:09","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T07:17:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/?p=18745"},"modified":"2026-06-15T15:17:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T07:17:13","slug":"reeling-cabletechnical-manual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/reeling-cabletechnical-manual\/","title":{"rendered":"Reeling CableTechnical Manual"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n<title>FeiChun Reeling Cable Technical Manual \u00b7 Handling, Installation &#038; Electrical<\/title>\n<style>\n  @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;0,900;1,400&family=Noto+Sans:wght@300;400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\n\n  :root{\n    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Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:0.72rem;letter-spacing:0.05em;}\n  footer.ft b{color:var(--gold-fc);font-weight:500;}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n\n  <div class=\"brandbar\">\n    <div class=\"green-edge\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"bar-inner\">\n      <div class=\"logo\"><span class=\"fc-mark\">FC<\/span> FEICHUN CABLES<\/div>\n      <div class=\"doc-id\">Technical Manual<br><b>FC-TM-REEL-2026-66324E<\/b><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <section class=\"hero\">\n    <div class=\"hero-content\">\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Technical Manual \u00b7 Reeling Cables<\/span>\n      <h1>Reeling Cable<br><span class=\"accent\">Technical Manual<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"lede\">The service life of reeling, festoon and basket-type mobile cables depends, to a large extent, on the installation and the design of the winding system. This manual covers bending radii, guides, tension protection, anchoring, reel selection and twist removal, together with the electrical methods for current rating, derating, voltage drop and short-circuit.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"spec-strip\">\n        <div class=\"ss\"><div class=\"num\">DIN VDE<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">0298-4 \/ 0250<\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ss\"><div class=\"num\">2 Parts<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">Handling + Electrical<\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ss\"><div class=\"num\">FAQ<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">Field engineer Q&#038;A<\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ss\"><div class=\"num\">EN<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">English edition<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <main>\n\n    <div class=\"toc\">\n      <div class=\"toc-h\">Contents<\/div>\n      <div class=\"toc-grp\">FeiChun<\/div>\n      <ul><li><a href=\"#brand\"><span class=\"rn\">\u00b7<\/span> About FeiChun Special Cable<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n      <div class=\"toc-grp\">Part 1 \u00b7 Handling &#038; Installation<\/div>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"rn\">I.<\/span> Bending Radii<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"rn\">II.<\/span> Cable Guides<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"rn\">III.<\/span> Tension Protection<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"rn\">IV.<\/span> Anchoring Systems<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"rn\">V.<\/span> Reel Types<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"rn\">VI.<\/span> Handling &#038; Storage<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"rn\">VII.<\/span> On-Site Installation<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"rn\">VIII.<\/span> Twist Removal<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#s9\"><span class=\"rn\">IX.<\/span> Vertical \/ Basket<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"toc-grp\">Part 2 \u00b7 Electrical<\/div>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"#e1\"><span class=\"rn\">X.<\/span> Voltage Definitions<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#e2\"><span class=\"rn\">XI.<\/span> Current Rating<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#e3\"><span class=\"rn\">XII.<\/span> Derating Factors<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#e4\"><span class=\"rn\">XIII.<\/span> Intermittent Duty<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#e5\"><span class=\"rn\">XIV.<\/span> Voltage Drop<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#e6\"><span class=\"rn\">XV.<\/span> Short Circuit<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"toc-grp\">FAQ<\/div>\n      <ul><li><a href=\"#faq\"><span class=\"rn\">?<\/span> Field Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"data-note\">\n      <div class=\"dn-title\">About the data in this manual<\/div>\n      <p>The bending radii, current ratings, derating factors, voltage drop and short-circuit data in this manual are general engineering values based on public standards such as <b>DIN VDE 0298-4, VDE 0250 and IEC<\/b>. They are intended for technical guidance and preliminary selection. Actual projects must be calculated for the real operating conditions; the type, overall diameter, weight, drum dimensions and all final parameters of specific FeiChun products are governed by the official FeiChun product specification and measured data. Installation must be carried out by qualified personnel in accordance with the applicable standards and site conditions.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- BRAND -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"brand\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">FC<\/span><h2>About FeiChun Special Cable<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>Anhui FeiChun Special Cable Co., Ltd., located in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, is a manufacturer specialising in the research and production of <strong>special industrial cables<\/strong>. Our products are widely used in port machinery, lifting equipment, mining, metallurgy, wind and solar power, rail transit and heavy industry.<\/p>\n        <p>The FeiChun range covers <strong>reeling cables, drag-chain cables, crane and port cables, low- and medium-voltage power cables, mining cables and rare-earth aluminium-alloy cables<\/strong>, supported by technical documentation and customised solutions for international markets, including Russia and the EAEU, Vietnam and Southeast Asia, Latin America, Australia and the Middle East.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"brand-grid\">\n        <div class=\"brand-card\"><div class=\"bc-ic\">01 \u00b7 FOCUS<\/div><h4>Special cable focus<\/h4><p>Dedicated to mobile, reeling, crane and mining cables for demanding duty, with deep field-application know-how.<\/p><\/div>\n        <div class=\"brand-card\"><div class=\"bc-ic\">02 \u00b7 TECH<\/div><h4>Technology-driven<\/h4><p>Complete technical documentation, selection calculations and on-site installation guidance, delivered from an engineer&#8217;s perspective.<\/p><\/div>\n        <div class=\"brand-card\"><div class=\"bc-ic\">03 \u00b7 CUSTOM<\/div><h4>Customisation<\/h4><p>Conductor, sheath, construction and length tailored to the project&#8217;s specific installation and environmental requirements.<\/p><\/div>\n        <div class=\"brand-card\"><div class=\"bc-ic\">04 \u00b7 GLOBAL<\/div><h4>Global service<\/h4><p>Multilingual documentation and export support for EAEU, Southeast Asia, Latin America and other markets.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Purpose<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">This manual is intended for <strong>engineers, installers and buyers<\/strong> who use reeling and mobile cables, to help them handle correctly the whole process from design and selection to on-site installation and operation. For any specific project question, please contact the FeiChun technical team \u2014 our sales and technical staff work together to give you targeted support.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- PART 1 -->\n    <div class=\"part-banner\">\n      <div class=\"pt\">Part 1 \u00b7 Handling &#038; Installation<\/div>\n      <h2>Part 1 \u00b7 Handling &#038; Installation<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- I. Bending Radii -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s1\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">I.<\/span><h2>Bending Radii<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>The bending radius is the <strong>single most important factor<\/strong> in reeling-cable reliability. Too tight a radius induces stretching and internal torsion in the conductors, accelerating fatigue and breakage. An increase in the minimum bending radius has a <strong>more than proportional<\/strong> effect on cable life. The table below gives the recommended minimum bending radii for different uses, expressed as multiples of the cable overall diameter (OD).<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Recommended minimum bending radii (\u00d7 cable OD)<span class=\"src\">General engineering values \u00b7 ref. DIN VDE \/ IEC<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Type of use<\/th><th>LV \u2264 1 kV<\/th><th>MV > 1 kV<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Fixed installation<\/td><td>4 \u00d7 OD<\/td><td>6 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Reeling (pay-out)<\/td><td class=\"hl\">8 \u00d7 OD<\/td><td class=\"hl\">10 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Cable carrier \/ chain<\/td><td>5 \u00d7 OD<\/td><td>6 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Guide pulley<\/td><td>7.5 \u00d7 OD<\/td><td>15 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Basket system<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">coiling diameter \u2265 1.5 m<\/td><\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: values are general minimum-bending-radius references. Where movement is frequent, use larger values; where movement is slow or occasional, a tighter radius may be considered. Wherever pulleys, guide rollers or combined flexion-plus-torsion stresses are present, the radius must be strictly controlled. The permissible radius for a specific product is per the FeiChun specification.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Core principle<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">Absolutely avoid <strong>abrupt changes<\/strong> of the bending radius. An abrupt change \u2014 often caused by an insufficient angle of deflection of the roller-guide arc \u2014 produces a localised over-pressure that leads directly to cable breakage. The guide arc should continue beyond the angle of deflection so that the minimum radius is maintained at all times.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 II<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- II. Guides -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s2\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">II.<\/span><h2>Cable Guides<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p><strong>One-way vs two-way:<\/strong> a one-way guide is often used on two-direction pay-out because it appears the most economical solution. However, a considerable increase in cable life is obtained with a <strong>symmetrical two-way guide<\/strong>, because it balances the net torsional and &#8220;massaging&#8221; effects imparted to the cable. This problem does not arise where the reeling system is end-fed: in that case the one-directional guide stays in contact with the cable regardless of travel direction.<\/p>\n        <p>Among the various guide types, the <strong>radius type is the best<\/strong> \u2014 it provides generous bending radii with minimum cable deflection. Multi-roller or two-way guides should be designed so the arc continues beyond the angle of deflection, keeping the minimum radius. A mandatory recommendation: keep the guide <strong>exactly aligned<\/strong> with the cable pay-out plane; any misalignment increases torsion on the cable.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"vs-pair\">\n        <div class=\"vs-box bad\">\n          <div class=\"vh\">\u2715 Incorrect sheave profile<\/div>\n          <div class=\"vbody\">\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 200 120\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n              <path d=\"M40 30 L40 70 L160 70 L160 30\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#b3402a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n              <line x1=\"40\" y1=\"70\" x2=\"160\" y2=\"70\" stroke=\"#b3402a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n              <ellipse cx=\"100\" cy=\"62\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"14\" fill=\"#c8a0a0\" stroke=\"#b3402a\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n              <text x=\"100\" y=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Sans'\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#b3402a\">rolling \u2192 torsion<\/text>\n            <\/svg>\n            <p>A flat or over-deep groove makes the cable roll and twist, reducing life.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vs-box good\">\n          <div class=\"vh\">\u2713 Correct sheave profile<\/div>\n          <div class=\"vbody\">\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 200 120\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n              <path d=\"M40 30 Q40 75 100 75 Q160 75 160 30\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2e7d4f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n              <circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"58\" r=\"17\" fill=\"#a8c8b0\" stroke=\"#2e7d4f\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n              <text x=\"100\" y=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Sans'\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#2e7d4f\">conforms \u2192 min torsion<\/text>\n            <\/svg>\n            <p>A radius matching the cable shape minimises applied torsion and protects the sheath.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">On sheaves<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">Sheaves have clear disadvantages compared with guides: their <strong>weight increases inertia<\/strong>, so more torque is needed to compensate, which finally raises cable tension and reduces life; and the sheave circumference is in direct contact with the outer sheath. Where guides can be used, avoid heavy sheaves; where a sheave is unavoidable, use the correct profile shown above.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p><strong>Change of direction:<\/strong> at the design stage, leave enough distance between any changes of direction \u2014 at least <strong>20 \u00d7 cable OD<\/strong> (longer for high-speed systems). This allows the cable to regain its original shape before suffering another bend.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 III<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- III. Tension -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s3\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">III.<\/span><h2>Over- and Under-Tension Protection<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>It is highly recommended that cable guiding systems include <strong>both under- and over-tension protection<\/strong>. Even a short exposure to over-tension caused by mechanical failure or accident can render a cable inoperable through permanent conductor deformation or breakage. All over-tension devices should be set to the <strong>maximum continuous safe working tension<\/strong> defined for each cable section.<\/p>\n        <p>Conversely, <strong>under-tension protection<\/strong> is desirable to ensure the cable cannot free-spool from the reel and sustain damage. This protection is particularly important for high-mounted cable reels.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 IV<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- IV. Anchoring -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s4\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">IV.<\/span><h2>Anchoring Systems<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>Correct cable anchoring is fundamental to reliable operation. Different handling systems use different methods, but all share the same basic intent: <strong>spread the tensile forces over a sufficiently large sheath area<\/strong> to avoid damage or failure at the anchoring point.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Key anchoring dimensions (\u00d7 cable OD)<span class=\"src\">General engineering values<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Cable-grip coverage length<\/td><td class=\"hl\">20\u201325 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Turns around stress-bearing drum<\/td><td>\u2265 2 turns<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Stress-drum min. radius (MV)<\/td><td>10 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Stress-drum min. radius (LV)<\/td><td>5 \u00d7 OD<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">Entry bell to pay-out guide<\/td><td>\u2265 15 \u00d7 OD or 1 m<\/td><\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: the most common mobile anchor points use ordinary terminals or &#8220;cable grips&#8221;. The tensile load should be distributed over an end length equal to 20\/25 \u00d7 OD, with a slack loop left before entry into the terminal box to allow operating movements. Values are general engineering references.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Centre crossover<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">For an underground centre-point attachment: the vertical distance between the entry bell and the crane&#8217;s pay-out guide should be not less than <strong>15 \u00d7 OD or 1 m<\/strong>, whichever is larger; at least <strong>2 turns (2\u00bd is better)<\/strong> should be wound around the stress-bearing drum for adequate contact area. For high travel speeds, a <strong>travel-speed-reduction device<\/strong> is recommended: it reduces speed before the centre point and re-accelerates after it has been passed.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 V<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- V. Reel types -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s5\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">V.<\/span><h2>Cable Reel Types<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>Cable life and performance are tightly connected to the reeling design. A well-designed reeling system, combined with the correct cable choice, secures optimal performance and long cable life. Today&#8217;s reels fall into three main types:<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"reel-grid\">\n        <div class=\"reel-card\">\n          <div class=\"ic\"><svg width=\"80\" height=\"80\" viewBox=\"0 0 80 80\"><circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"40\" r=\"32\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1f6f6b\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"40\" r=\"10\" fill=\"#1f6f6b\"\/><path d=\"M40 8 A32 32 0 0 1 72 40\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c8521e\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n          <h4>Mono-spiral<\/h4>\n          <div class=\"tag-row\"><span class=\"tg good\">simple guide<\/span><span class=\"tg good\">good cooling<\/span><\/div>\n          <p>One of the most widespread. Its simple guide route extends cable life relative to other types; and thanks to improved heat dissipation, the conductor size for power cables can generally be smaller. The balance between the reel&#8217;s inner and outer diameter is critical for controlling tension.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"reel-card\">\n          <div class=\"ic\"><svg width=\"80\" height=\"80\" viewBox=\"0 0 80 80\"><circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"40\" r=\"32\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1f6f6b\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"40\" r=\"10\" fill=\"#1f6f6b\"\/><path d=\"M30 20 Q55 30 50 50 Q40 65 25 55\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#b3402a\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 2\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n          <h4>Random-wound<\/h4>\n          <div class=\"tag-row\"><span class=\"tg good\">simplest<\/span><span class=\"tg lim\">small dia \/ short only<\/span><\/div>\n          <p>The simplest reel, operating without guides. Random layering can cause slippage of coils, abrupt tensile forces, torsion, abrasion and abnormal build-up. For these reasons it supports only <strong>small diameters and short runs: 250 m max, &lt; 4 kg\/m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"reel-card\">\n          <div class=\"ic\"><svg width=\"80\" height=\"80\" viewBox=\"0 0 80 80\"><circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"40\" r=\"32\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#1f6f6b\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"40\" r=\"10\" fill=\"#1f6f6b\"\/><path d=\"M40 12 A28 28 0 0 1 68 40\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c8521e\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M40 18 A22 22 0 0 1 62 40\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#e07b2c\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n          <h4>Multi-spiral<\/h4>\n          <div class=\"tag-row\"><span class=\"tg good\">large dia \/ long<\/span><span class=\"tg good\">constant tension<\/span><\/div>\n          <p>Indicated for large diameters and long lengths. Its main advantage is the ability to carry a large amount of cable (even large diameters) at a <strong>constant reeling tension<\/strong> over long distances. It is usually harder to reduce the number of guides and changes of direction on this type.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Selection<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">Cable diameter and length are the main factors for a mono-spiral reel: a good balance of inner and outer diameter is critical for controlling tension. Random-wound is limited to small diameters and short runs; multi-spiral suits large diameters and long lengths but with less scope to reduce guides and changes of direction.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 VI<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- VI. Handling\/Storage -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s6\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">VI.<\/span><h2>Handling &#038; Storage<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"checklist\">\n        <div class=\"check-col do\">\n          <div class=\"ch-head\">DO<\/div>\n          <ul>\n            <li>Store and handle the cable on its original drum<\/li>\n            <li>Move the drum with a fork-lift or crane<\/li>\n            <li>If you must roll, roll against the coiling direction<\/li>\n            <li>Keep drums in a cool, dry, shaded location<\/li>\n            <li>Keep the cable ends sealed against moisture and dirt<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"check-col dont\">\n          <div class=\"ch-head\">DON&#8217;T<\/div>\n          <ul>\n            <li>Avoid rolling the drum on its flanges<\/li>\n            <li>Don&#8217;t roll following the coiling direction (loosens coils)<\/li>\n            <li>Don&#8217;t store off the drum (coils slump)<\/li>\n            <li>Don&#8217;t leave ends open to moisture and dirt<\/li>\n            <li>Don&#8217;t store in damp or sun-exposed conditions<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Storing on the original drum prevents defects caused by loose coils. Rolling against the coiling direction keeps the cable tight to the drum and avoids torsion or abrupt tension from loose-coil action. Spare cables should remain on their original drums and have sealed ends, regardless of storage duration.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 VII<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- VII. Installation -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s7\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">VII.<\/span><h2>On-Site Installation<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>For optimum long-life service, laying must be carried out by expert personnel. In addition to the normal measures for laying cables, the operating conditions specific to mobile cables require the points below to be strictly observed. Test the installation a few times as soon as the cable has been laid, to check operation and immediately correct any defect.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"steps\">\n        <div class=\"step\"><div class=\"n\">1<\/div><div class=\"body\"><h4>Jack up the original drum<\/h4><p>Raise the transport drum above ground level so it can rotate freely.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"step\"><div class=\"n\">2<\/div><div class=\"body\"><h4>Pay out along the route<\/h4><p>Unwind the cable along the entire travel route, using conventional pulling equipment and rollers.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"step\"><div class=\"n\">3<\/div><div class=\"body\"><h4>Or transfer directly<\/h4><p>Where the site is restricted, transfer directly from the transport drum to the reel. You <strong>must avoid an &#8220;S&#8221; bend<\/strong> between drum and reel, and avoid passing over rollers or changes of direction wherever possible.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"step\"><div class=\"n\">4<\/div><div class=\"body\"><h4>Slowly, minimum tension<\/h4><p>A direct transfer must be done slowly and with minimum tension, to avoid introducing torsion during installation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 VIII<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- VIII. Twist -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s8\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">VIII.<\/span><h2>Twist Removal<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>If the cable has become twisted during the above procedure, we strongly recommend eliminating it. There is an important physical law: <strong>a correctly installed cable, with no torsion introduced by guides or unnatural bending, cannot twist by itself.<\/strong> Two methods are normally used.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"vs-pair\">\n        <div class=\"vs-box neutral\">\n          <div class=\"vh\">Wave Motion<\/div>\n          <div class=\"vbody\"><p>Insert a cylinder roller (diameter approximately 15\u201320 cm) underneath the cable near the twist. Two people then walk holding the roller, pushing the &#8220;wave&#8221; towards the end of the cable until the twist is removed.<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vs-box neutral\">\n          <div class=\"vh\">Spiral Method<\/div>\n          <div class=\"vbody\"><p>This can be done by one person. Allow enough cable from the fixed end to form a spiral (right- or left-hand, according to the twist direction), then roll the spiral to the free end to remove the twisting. Repeat for each twist, then re-anchor.<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Residual twist<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">If a slight residual twist remains during the first test run: run the machine to the end of travel, un-anchor (cutting 25\/50 cm of cable if necessary), eliminate the torsion, then re-anchor and do a final check. We suggest <strong>drawing marks on the cable<\/strong> so you can tell if it starts to twist; if it does, stop the system and find the external cause. Note: the marking may show a slight natural spiral (more evident on long lengths) \u2014 this is unrelated to any twisting problem.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 IX<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- IX. Vertical -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"s9\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">IX.<\/span><h2>Vertical &#038; Basket Applications<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p><strong>Anchoring:<\/strong> installation on a spreader or other vertical application needs special attention. The earlier recommendations (wind from the original drum; avoid unnecessary loops, torsion or twisting; eliminate any torsion) apply here too. The best anchoring is achieved with a <strong>stress-relief drum<\/strong>: its open-ended construction eases installation and replacement and gives better stress relief and sheath protection than cable grips \u2014 in this case at least <strong>2 turns<\/strong> should be wound. If a grip is used, the recommended coverage is <strong>20\/25 \u00d7 OD<\/strong>.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Fixing the bottom:<\/strong> where necessary, fix the bottom with a suitable grip; sheath coverage is the same as the anchoring (20\/25 \u00d7 OD). The distance from the end of the anchoring device to the end of machine travel should be at least <strong>40 \u00d7 OD<\/strong>. If frequent dynamic stresses near the anchor are anticipated, a spring may be used.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Basket coiling<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">High-stress basket applications (long vertical lengths, high-speed ascent\/descent, strong winds) require the <strong>coiling diameter to be not less than 1.5 m<\/strong>, with a centrally placed guide cone for even coiling. For high lift and high speed, a basket height of at least 2 m and a conical opening are recommended. The cable should be laid from the bottom of the basket in an <strong>anticlockwise direction<\/strong>, starting from the outer layer of the original drum.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- PART 2 -->\n    <div class=\"part-banner\">\n      <div class=\"pt\">Part 2 \u00b7 Electrical<\/div>\n      <h2>Part 2 \u00b7 Electrical<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- X. Voltage -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"e1\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">X.<\/span><h2>Voltage Definitions<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p><strong>Rated voltage<\/strong> is the basis for the design and testing of the cable&#8217;s electrical characteristics, expressed by the two power-frequency values <strong>U\u2080\/U<\/strong>: U\u2080 is the rms value between one conductor and earth, U the rms value between two conductors. In an AC system, the cable&#8217;s rated voltage must be at least equal to the system rated voltage \u2014 for both U\u2080 and U. In a DC system, its rated voltage must not be more than 1.5 times the cable&#8217;s rated value.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Operating voltage<\/strong> is the voltage applied between conductors and earth in trouble-free operation. For cables up to U\u2080\/U 0.6\/1 kV, the maximum continuous operating voltage must not exceed the rated value by more than +10 % (up to 450\/750 V) or +20 % (0.6\/1 kV). For cables above 0.6\/1 kV, by no more than +20 %. <strong>Test voltage<\/strong> follows the relevant parts of DIN VDE 0250; voltage definitions follow DIN VDE 0298 Part 3.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 XI<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- XI. Current -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"e2\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">XI.<\/span><h2>Current Rating (Continuous)<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>The current ratings and derating factors below are based on <strong>DIN VDE 0298-4<\/strong>. Although mobile cables are often EPR\/rubber insulated (continuous 90 \u00b0C permissible), the ratings here are given for a conductor temperature of <strong>80 \u00b0C<\/strong> \u2014 both to conform to VDE and as a precaution for the greater heat-dispersion difficulty of this cable type. Values are for three-core cables (with or without earth), not wound, resting on the ground, ambient air 30 \u00b0C. Where the cable life is known to be reduced by high mechanical stress or sheath wear, thermal ageing is less important, and 90 \u00b0C may be considered, increasing the values by approximately 7 %.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Current carrying capacity (cables \u2264 10 kV, continuous), A<span class=\"src\">DIN VDE 0298-4 \u00b7 80\u00b0C conductor \u00b7 30\u00b0C ambient \u00b7 3-core<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead>\n            <tr><th>Section<span class=\"u\">mm\u00b2<\/span><\/th><th>On ground<span class=\"u\">A<\/span><\/th><th>Suspended in air<span class=\"u\">A<\/span><\/th><th>Wound, 1 layer<span class=\"u\">\u00d70.8<\/span><\/th><th>Wound, 3 layers<span class=\"u\">\u00d70.49<\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">16<\/td><td>99<\/td><td>104<\/td><td>79<\/td><td>49<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">25<\/td><td>131<\/td><td>138<\/td><td>105<\/td><td>64<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">35<\/td><td>162<\/td><td>170<\/td><td>130<\/td><td>79<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">50<\/td><td>202<\/td><td>212<\/td><td>162<\/td><td>99<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">70<\/td><td>250<\/td><td>263<\/td><td>200<\/td><td>123<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">95<\/td><td>301<\/td><td>316<\/td><td>241<\/td><td>147<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">120<\/td><td>352<\/td><td>370<\/td><td>282<\/td><td>172<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">150<\/td><td>404<\/td><td>424<\/td><td>323<\/td><td>198<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">185<\/td><td>461<\/td><td>484<\/td><td>369<\/td><td>226<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">240<\/td><td>540<\/td><td>567<\/td><td>432<\/td><td>265<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">300<\/td><td>620<\/td><td>651<\/td><td>496<\/td><td>304<\/td><\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: values are DIN VDE 0298-4 standard ratings. The &#8220;wound&#8221; columns already include the multi-layer derating factor. Non-continuous operation generally means better cable performance (see intermittent duty). Heat dissipation when wound in layers is far worse than on the ground \u2014 always apply the relevant derating factor for selection.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 XII<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- XII. Derating -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"e3\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">XII.<\/span><h2>Derating Factors<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\"><p>Derating factors take into account installation and operating conditions (temperature, grouping, intermittent periodic duty, number of simultaneously loaded cores) and are used together with the ratings above.<\/p><\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Derating \u00b7 layers on reel<span class=\"src\">DIN VDE 0298-4<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Layers<\/th><th>1<\/th><th>2<\/th><th>3<\/th><th>4<\/th><th>5<\/th><th>6<\/th><th>7<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody><tr><td class=\"lead\">Factor<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.80<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.61<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.49<\/td><td>0.42<\/td><td>0.34<\/td><td>0.27<\/td><td>0.22<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Derating \u00b7 ambient temperature<span class=\"src\">DIN VDE 0298-4 \u00b7 relative to 30\u00b0C<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>\u00b0C<\/th><th>10<\/th><th>20<\/th><th>30<\/th><th>40<\/th><th>50<\/th><th>60<\/th><th>70<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody><tr><td class=\"lead\">Factor<\/td><td>1.18<\/td><td>1.10<\/td><td class=\"hl\">1.00<\/td><td>0.89<\/td><td>0.77<\/td><td>0.63<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Derating \u00b7 simultaneously loaded cores (\u226410mm\u00b2)<span class=\"src\">DIN VDE 0298-4<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Cores<\/th><th>5<\/th><th>7<\/th><th>12<\/th><th>18<\/th><th>24<\/th><th>30<\/th><th>36<\/th><th>61<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody><tr><td class=\"lead\">Factor<\/td><td>0.75<\/td><td>0.65<\/td><td>0.53<\/td><td>0.44<\/td><td>0.40<\/td><td>0.37<\/td><td>0.36<\/td><td>0.30<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: final rating = standard rating \u00d7 the product of all applicable derating factors. Reeling cables usually require both the layer factor and the ambient-temperature factor; multi-core control cables also need the core-count factor.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 XIII<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- XIII. Intermittent -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"e4\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">XIII.<\/span><h2>Intermittent Duty<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\">\n        <p>In many cases operation is not continuous. A typical intermittent cycle with hoisting equipment is, for example, 10 minutes of full load followed by a longer no-load period. These 10 minutes as a percentage of the total cycle DT give the <strong>load factor FC %<\/strong>. For intermittent duty the current rating can be increased accordingly.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"formula\">\n        <div class=\"ftitle\">Load factor<\/div>\n        <div class=\"eq\"><span class=\"v\">FC%<\/span> = (10 min \/ DT) \u00d7 100<\/div>\n        <div class=\"where\"><b>DT<\/b> \u2014 total cycle duration &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; 10 min \u2014 full-load period<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Correction factors for intermittent operation (selected sections)<span class=\"src\">Based on VDE standards \u00b7 section mm\u00b2<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Load factor FC%<\/th><th>25<\/th><th>50<\/th><th>95<\/th><th>150<\/th><th>240<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">60%<\/td><td>1.10<\/td><td>1.16<\/td><td>1.20<\/td><td>1.22<\/td><td>1.24<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">40%<\/td><td>1.23<\/td><td>1.34<\/td><td>1.42<\/td><td>1.46<\/td><td>1.49<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">25%<\/td><td>1.45<\/td><td>1.62<\/td><td>1.74<\/td><td>1.81<\/td><td>1.85<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">20%<\/td><td>1.59<\/td><td>1.79<\/td><td>1.93<\/td><td>2.01<\/td><td>2.10<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">15%<\/td><td>1.79<\/td><td>2.03<\/td><td>2.21<\/td><td>2.30<\/td><td>2.36<\/td><\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: the lower the load factor and the larger the section, the greater the permissible increase. The full factor table includes more sections and load factors \u2014 contact FeiChun&#8217;s technical department for a specific calculation.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 XIV<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- XIV. Voltage drop -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"e5\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">XIV.<\/span><h2>Three-Phase Voltage Drop<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\"><p>Voltage drop should be checked not only for low voltage but also for medium-voltage connections where lengths are long. It is found by multiplying the cable factor K (mV\/A\u00b7m) by the current and the line length.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"formula\">\n        <div class=\"ftitle\">Three-phase voltage drop<\/div>\n        <div class=\"eq\">\u0394<span class=\"v\">V<\/span> = I \u00d7 L \u00d7 K\u3000|\u3000K = 1.73 \u00d7 (R\u00b7cos\u03c6 + X\u00b7sin\u03c6)<\/div>\n        <div class=\"where\"><b>\u0394V<\/b> \u2014 voltage drop, V &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b>I<\/b> \u2014 current, A &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b>L<\/b> \u2014 length, km<br><b>R<\/b> \u2014 AC resistance at 80 \u00b0C, \u03a9\/km &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b>X<\/b> \u2014 reactance at 50 Hz, \u03a9\/km<br>At 90 \u00b0C: R \u00d7 1.03 &nbsp;|&nbsp; at 60 Hz: X \u00d7 1.2, recompute K<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Resistance, reactance and voltage-drop factor K<span class=\"src\">R at 80\u00b0C \u00b7 X at 50Hz \u00b7 3-core \u00b7 cos\u03c6=0.8<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Section<span class=\"u\">mm\u00b2<\/span><\/th><th>R<span class=\"u\">\u03a9\/km<\/span><\/th><th>X<span class=\"u\">\u03a9\/km<\/span><\/th><th>K<span class=\"u\">mV\/A\u00b7m<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">25<\/td><td>0.983<\/td><td>0.078<\/td><td class=\"hl\">1.441<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">50<\/td><td>0.486<\/td><td>0.075<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.750<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">70<\/td><td>0.343<\/td><td>0.073<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.551<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">95<\/td><td>0.261<\/td><td>0.072<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.436<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">120<\/td><td>0.204<\/td><td>0.071<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.356<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">150<\/td><td>0.165<\/td><td>0.071<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.302<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">185<\/td><td>0.136<\/td><td>0.071<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.262<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td class=\"lead\">240<\/td><td>0.104<\/td><td>0.070<\/td><td class=\"hl\">0.217<\/td><\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: R is the AC resistance at 80 \u00b0C; X the reactance at 50 Hz for three-core cable (round, 3 cores + 3 earth; also valid for flat cables with sufficient approximation). K is calculated for cos\u03c6 = 0.8. At 90 \u00b0C multiply R by 1.03; at 60 Hz multiply X by 1.2 and recompute K. Values are based on public-standard electrical parameters.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><span class=\"rn\">\u00a7 XV<\/span><span class=\"ln\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n    <!-- XV. Short circuit -->\n    <section class=\"section\" id=\"e6\">\n      <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"roman\">XV.<\/span><h2>Short-Circuit Thermal Limit<\/h2><\/div>\n      <div class=\"prose\"><p>In accordance with VDE 0250, the admissible <strong>thermal limit<\/strong> for short-circuit current in heavy-duty mobile cables is calculated from these reference values: initial temperature 80 \u00b0C (cable under full load), final short-circuit temperature 200 \u00b0C. The table gives the one-second thermal limit. For other periods, divide by the square root of the effective time in seconds.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"spec\">\n          <caption>Short-circuit current \u2014 thermal limit (1 sec), kA<span class=\"src\">VDE 0250 \u00b7 80\u00b0C \u2192 200\u00b0C \u00b7 valid for all voltages<\/span><\/caption>\n          <thead><tr><th>Section mm\u00b2<\/th><th>16<\/th><th>25<\/th><th>35<\/th><th>50<\/th><th>70<\/th><th>95<\/th><th>120<\/th><th>150<\/th><th>185<\/th><th>240<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody><tr><td class=\"lead\">kA (1s)<\/td><td>2.06<\/td><td>3.22<\/td><td>4.50<\/td><td>6.43<\/td><td>9.00<\/td><td>12.2<\/td><td>15.4<\/td><td>19.3<\/td><td>23.8<\/td><td>31.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"tbl-note\">Note: values are for a 1-second base. For another time t (seconds), short-circuit limit = table value \u00f7 \u221at. For different initial\/final temperatures (e.g. EPR permits 90 \u00b0C \u2192 250 \u00b0C), recompute with the coefficient k per VDE 0250: I = k \u00d7 section \/ \u221at. Always check against the protective-device characteristics.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"callout\">\n        <span class=\"tag\">Time conversion<\/span>\n        <div class=\"line\">The thermal limit is time-dependent: a 1-second value used at 0.25 s gives table value \u00f7 \u221a0.25 = table \u00d7 2. For example, 95 mm\u00b2 at 0.25 s withstands about 12.2 \u00d7 2 = 24.4 kA. The faster the protection operates, the higher the withstand short-circuit current.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- FAQ -->\n    <div class=\"part-banner\" id=\"faq\">\n      <div class=\"pt\">FAQ \u00b7 Field Questions<\/div>\n      <h2>Engineer FAQ<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <section class=\"section\">\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q1.<\/span><span>A core keeps breaking at the same spot soon after commissioning \u2014 why?<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>Repeated breakage at one location most often comes from <strong>too tight a radius, or an abrupt change of radius, at that point<\/strong>. Check: (1) an insufficient arc angle on a pulley\/guide roller there, causing local over-pressure; (2) a guide misaligned with the pay-out plane, adding torsion; (3) a change-of-direction spacing under 20 \u00d7 OD, so the cable bends again before recovering. Verify the point against the bending-radius table, then check guide alignment and change-of-direction spacing.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q2.<\/span><span>The cable keeps coiling loose \/ building up unevenly on the reel \u2014 how to fix it?<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>Loose coiling and uneven build-up usually point to a <strong>mismatch between the winding system and the cable<\/strong>. Possible causes: (1) a random-wound reel used beyond its range (random is only for \u2264 250 m, &lt; 4 kg\/m, small diameter); (2) a poor inner\/outer diameter ratio, giving bad tension control; (3) no under-tension protection, so the cable free-spools; (4) a mono-spiral reel not maintaining constant tension. Check that the reel type matches the cable diameter\/length\/weight and that tension protection is in place. For large diameter and long length, switch to a multi-spiral reel.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q3.<\/span><span>Which current-rating column do I use? I see ground, air and wound values.<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>What matters is the <strong>actual heat dissipation in service<\/strong>, not the static rating. In operation, most of a reeling cable is <strong>wound on the drum<\/strong>, where multi-layer coiling dissipates heat very poorly \u2014 so you must use the &#8220;wound&#8221; column (derated by layers), not the ground or air value, or you will badly overestimate the rating and cause overheating. Correct practice: take the derating factor for the <strong>maximum number of layers<\/strong> on the drum, then multiply by the ambient-temperature factor. Only fully paid-out lengths resting on the ground may use the ground value. &#8220;Stay conservative&#8221; is the safe rule for reeling-cable selection.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q4.<\/span><span>The cable twisted during the test run \u2014 is this a product defect?<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>In the vast majority of cases, no. There is a physical law: <strong>a correctly installed cable, with no torsion introduced by guides or unnatural bending, cannot twist by itself.<\/strong> Twisting at the test run is almost always introduced during installation: incorrect pay-out from the drum, an &#8220;S&#8221; bend formed, a misaligned guide, or torsion not released during transfer. Remedy: remove the twist by the wave-motion or spiral method, run to the end of travel and un-anchor to release it (cut 25\/50 cm if necessary), then re-anchor. Mark the cable to observe. Note that a long cable may show a slight natural spiral, which is unrelated to twisting. If it recurs, find and eliminate the external source of torsion.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q5.<\/span><span>The sheath wears quickly \/ heats and softens \u2014 what was missed in selection?<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>Rapid wear or overheating-softening usually involves two groups of issues. <strong>Wear:<\/strong> (1) an incorrect sheave profile (flat\/over-deep groove) making the cable roll and twist; (2) hard friction between sheave\/guide and sheath; (3) too small a coiling diameter at a basket or change of direction. <strong>Overheating:<\/strong> (1) the ground\/air rating used instead of the wound value, so real dissipation is insufficient; (2) more layers on the drum than the derating calculation assumed; (3) ambient temperature above the design value with no temperature derating. Check both the mechanical side (sheave profile, alignment) and the electrical side (rating, derating). For the specific sheath material and temperature class, confirm with FeiChun.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q6.<\/span><span>Long-distance supply, low voltage at the far end \u2014 how to diagnose?<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>Low end voltage is usually <strong>voltage drop not properly checked<\/strong>. Reeling-cable runs are often long and the drop is easily underestimated. Check: (1) compute the actual drop with \u0394V = I \u00d7 L \u00d7 K \u2014 power circuits generally require \u2264 5 %; (2) mind the K conditions \u2014 at 90 \u00b0C multiply R by 1.03, on a 60 Hz system multiply X by 1.2 and recompute K; (3) confirm whether the current includes start-up\/overload peaks. If the drop is excessive, increase the conductor section. On long runs, voltage drop often becomes the limiting factor before current rating \u2014 check both.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q7.<\/span><span>Vertical \/ basket application \u2014 the bottom of the cable keeps getting damaged.<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>Bottom damage in vertical applications is mostly from <strong>incorrect anchoring and stress relief<\/strong>. Check: (1) the bottom grip&#8217;s sheath coverage reaches 20\/25 \u00d7 OD \u2014 too short concentrates stress; (2) the distance from the anchor end to the end of travel is \u2265 40 \u00d7 OD; (3) a spring is fitted where dynamic stress is frequent; (4) the basket coiling diameter is \u2265 1.5 m \u2014 too small causes repeated over-bending; (5) an open-ended stress-relief drum is used (better than a grip, \u2265 2 turns). For vertical high-speed cases, also ensure basket height (\u2265 2 m) and a conical opening. Checking these dimensions one by one usually locates the problem.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details class=\"qa\"><summary><span class=\"qmark\">Q8.<\/span><span>The drum will be stored for a while before installation \u2014 how to store it safely?<\/span><span class=\"arr\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"ans\"><p>Poor storage creates problems before installation even begins. Best practice: (1) <strong>always keep the cable on its original drum<\/strong> \u2014 never off the drum, as coils slump and deform; (2) store in a <strong>cool, dry, shaded<\/strong> place, avoiding high heat\/sun that ages the sheath, and avoiding damp; (3) <strong>keep the ends sealed<\/strong> (as delivered) against moisture and dirt; (4) move with a fork-lift or crane, avoiding rolling on the flanges; (5) if you must roll, roll <strong>against the coiling direction<\/strong> to keep coils tight. These apply regardless of storage duration.<\/p><\/div>\n      <\/details>\n    <\/section>\n\n  <\/main>\n\n  <section class=\"contact\">\n    <div class=\"contact-inner\">\n      <h3>Technical Enquiries &#038; Quotations<\/h3>\n      <div class=\"contact-grid\">\n        <div class=\"ci\"><div class=\"label\">WhatsApp<\/div><div class=\"val wa\">+86 138 5512 3218<\/div><div class=\"sub\">International Business Dept.<\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ci\"><div class=\"label\">Technical<\/div><div class=\"val\">Tech@feichuncables.com<\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ci\"><div class=\"label\">Mining<\/div><div class=\"val\">mining@feichuncables.com<\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ci\"><div class=\"label\">Sales<\/div><div class=\"val\">zihao.yang@feichuncables.com<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"legal\">\n        The bending radii, current ratings, derating factors, voltage drop and short-circuit data in this manual are general engineering values based on public standards (DIN VDE 0298-4, VDE 0250, IEC), intended for technical guidance and preliminary selection \u2014 they do not constitute a specific installation procedure or a product warranty. Actual projects must be calculated for the real operating conditions; installation must be performed by qualified personnel following the applicable standards and site conditions. The type, overall diameter, weight, drum dimensions and all final parameters of specific FeiChun products are governed by the official FeiChun product specification and measured data. Cable prices fluctuate with the copper\/aluminium market (LME\/SHFE); quotations are based on the market at the time of dealing and carry no fixed validity period.\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <footer class=\"ft\">\n    <b>FEICHUN CABLES \u00b7 Anhui Feichun Special Cable Co., Ltd.<\/b> &nbsp;|&nbsp; Hefei, China &nbsp;|&nbsp; Technical Manual FC-TM-REEL-2026-66324E\n  <\/footer>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The service life of reeling, festoon and basket-type mobile cables depends, to a large extent, on the installation and the design of the winding system. This manual covers bending radii, guides, tension protection, anchoring, reel selection and twist removal, together with the electrical methods for current rating, derating, voltage drop and short-circuit.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"disabled","csco_page_header_type":"none","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[222,46145,13249,18206,46,66,8,94,165,35,464,209,97,722,42928,9563,93,7,12355,1,56,9,53617,101,10561,9679],"tags":[63377,1815,63220,16165,63244,63051,63208,35558,63197,63186,63364,63371,44652,63219,63375,4237,63382,594,63360,145,53382,3826,16800,63199,63248,9358,411,63359,52541,63383,63381,63374,4124,60988,63268,63367,63365,63363,16198,63380,43769,63368,63361,63372,63378,63366,17,63376,63370,43666,63213,63209,63202,63302,63358,63250,52221,63384,63379,63369,63195,63373,63362,3786,56852,18663,63221],"class_list":["post-18745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-as-nzs-1802-reeling-cables-for-underground-mining","category-as-nzs-1972-electric-cables-underground-coal-mines","category-bs-british-standard-cable","category-cable-de-alimentacion-y-control","category-cable-for-shore-connection-systems","category-common-problems-encountered-in-cable-applications","category-cranes-and-material-handling-cable","category-din-vde-0250-mining-cable","category-drag-chain-cable","category-festoon-cable","category-flexible-cables-with-high-bending-life-and-fatigue-resistance","category-icea-s-75-381-portable-power-cables","category-lszh-low-smoke-zero-halogen-flexible-cable","category-marine-cables","category-marine-offshore-drilling-cable","category-medium-voltage-cable","category-mining-cable-with-self-sufficient-leds","category-mining-trailing-cable","category-northern-latitude-mining-cable","category-uncategorized","category-reeling-cable","category-spreader-basket-reel-cable","category-sts-crane-cable","category-submersible-pump-cable","category-wind-turbine-cable","category-xlpe-cable","tag-ambient-temperature-30c","tag-ambient-temperature-derating","tag-anchoring-systems","tag-anti-twisting-braid","tag-basket-coiling","tag-basketheavyflex","tag-bending-radii","tag-cable-drum-dimensions","tag-cable-grip","tag-cable-guides","tag-cable-reel-types","tag-change-of-direction","tag-class-5-copper","tag-conductor-temperature-80c","tag-continuous-operation","tag-current-carrying-capacity","tag-derating-factors","tag-din-vde-0298-4","tag-electrical","tag-epr-insulation","tag-feichun","tag-feichun-special-cable","tag-fixed-installation","tag-grouping-derating","tag-handling","tag-hepr-insulation","tag-iec-60228","tag-installation","tag-intermittent-duty","tag-layers-on-reel-derating","tag-load-factor-fc","tag-maximum-operating-voltage","tag-minimum-bending-radius","tag-mono-spiral-reel-2","tag-multi-spiral-reel-2","tag-on-drums","tag-one-way-guide","tag-over-tension","tag-pcp-sheath","tag-power-factor-cos","tag-pur-sheath","tag-radius-type-guide","tag-random-wound-reel-2","tag-rated-voltage-uo-u","tag-reactance-x","tag-reel-selection","tag-reeling-cable","tag-resistance-r","tag-sheave-profile","tag-short-circuit-current","tag-slack-loop","tag-spiral-method","tag-stress-relief-drum","tag-synthetic-mesh","tag-technical-manual","tag-tension-protection","tag-test-voltage","tag-thermal-limit","tag-three-phase-voltage-drop","tag-travel-speed-reduction","tag-twist-removal","tag-two-way-guide","tag-under-tension","tag-vde-0250","tag-vertical-cable","tag-voltage-drop","tag-wave-motion","cs-entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18745"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18751,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18745\/revisions\/18751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feichuncables.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}